In the ever-expanding landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), semiconductors stand as the silent yet indispensable backbone, fueling connectivity and intelligence in our devices. As the demand for interconnected smart devices burgeons, the significance of IoT semiconductor becomes increasingly pronounced.
This article delves into the intricate web of IoT semiconductor technology, tracing its evolution, exploring its myriad applications, and envisioning its promising future.
From smart homes to industrial automation, IoT semiconductors are the unsung heroes powering the seamless integration of devices into our daily lives. These miniature marvels are the enablers of connectivity, processing vast amounts of data with lightning speed, and facilitating real-time decision-making.
In essence, IoT semiconductors form the bedrock upon which the interconnected ecosystem of smart devices thrives, transforming industries and redefining convenience.
As the IoT landscape continues to evolve, the demand for specialized semiconductors tailored to the unique requirements of diverse applications surges. The convergence of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and edge computing further amplifies the role of IoT semiconductors, ushering in an era of unprecedented innovation and efficiency.
Amidst this technological revolution, IoT semiconductors emerge as the linchpin, bridging the gap between physical and digital realms, and heralding a new era of connectivity and intelligence.
Semiconductors – a strongly outperforming technology sector
The Philadelphia Semiconductor Index, which tracks the value of the 30 largest semiconductor firms globally, increased by a factor of 5x in the last five years (from $80 in Jan 2016 to $416 in Jan 2021). The index not only handily beat the high-flying Nasdaq index (which increased by a factor of 2.8 in the same timeframe) but also other technology indices, such as cloud computing (e.g., the SKYY Index increased 3.5x in the same timeframe).
This staggering performance of value in semiconductor firms can be attributed to many factors. Most notably, the industry has profited from the need for more and higher-value semiconductor components for several newly emerging technologies.
Key drivers include big data analytics, mobile communication, gaming, connected and semi-autonomous cars, and to a large degree, the fast growth of connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
According to our estimates, the number of active IoT device connections grew from 3.6 billion in 2015 to 11.7 billion in 2020. By the end of 2025, we forecast a total of 30 billion IoT connections. The rise of the IoT semiconductor market is broad and touches most industry segments, including industrial, automotive, energy and utilities, and healthcare.
Consumer IoT devices such as smartwatches and smaller wireless accessories have seen a particularly high demand in recent years, which has prompted several companies that were not making IoT devices a few years ago to move into the IoT ecosystem (e.g., many of the smartphone makers).
The current IoT device explosion will continue to drive the IoT semiconductor market and will likely lead to further semiconductor innovations amid higher production volumes. IoT Analytics latest report on this topic forecasts the IoT semiconductor component market to grow at a CAGR of 19% from $33B in 2020 to $80B in 2025.
In particular, four components will be in the spotlight: IoT microcontrollers (MCUs), IoT connectivity chipsets, IoT AI chipsets, and IoT security chipsets and modules.
Four key components driving IoT Semiconductors
IoT Analytics defines IoT semiconductors as those semiconductor components that either individually or collaboratively contribute to the functionality of an IoT device or other IoT equipment. As such, several semiconductor components qualify as IoT semiconductors.
Our research shows that the following four stand out in importance:
1. IoT Microcontrollers (MCUs)
In contrast to many other technology topics, IoT has a characteristically diverse set of use cases and applications. All of these applications demand different levels of performance and functionality. Often, MCUs (rather than MPUs) are a good fit to deliver the required flexibility (e.g., in terms of processing power) while at the same time presenting a very economical hardware choice for the application.
An interesting trend is that IoT MCUs have now evolved from general-purpose MCUs and are sometimes
becoming IoT application-specific MCUs that cater to the exact requirements posed by a specific IoT application (e.g., In Q4 2020, NXP launched its S32K3 Automotive IoT MCU Series)
On the back of these trends, IoT Analytics expects the penetration of IoT MCUs in the general MCU market to grow from 18% in 2019 to 29% by 2025. Particularly 32-bit MCUs, which can be found in devices such as the well-known Raspberry Pi represent a sweet spot for IoT applications.
2. IoT connectivity chipsets
IoT connectivity chipsets are at the heart of all IoT connected devices and represent the largest IoT semiconductor market segment (35% of all IoT semiconductors in 2020). In recent years, the lack of globally accepted IoT connectivity standards and the varying requirements from different use cases and applications have led to a wide variety of connectivity options.
IoT Analytics identifies 21 main IoT connectivity standards (from a semiconductor point of view), including , among others, cellular IoT such as 3G or 4G, WLAN such as Wi-Fi, and wired connectivity.
Cellular IoT: Cellular IoT chipsets currently play a large role in the market growth of IoT connectivity chipsets. IoT Analytics expects the global cellular IoT chipset market to grow at a CAGR of 37.5% between 2020-2025, driven by 5G (used for low-latency and high bandwidth IoT applications) and LPWA (used for low-power, low-bandwidth, low-cost IoT applications).
Both the licensed/cellular LPWA market and the unlicensed LPWA market drive the market with LoRa based chipset and NB-IoT based chipsets set to continue to dominate this market segment.
WLAN: WLAN chipsets are driven by the new Wi-Fi 6 and Wi-Fi 6E standards that create high growth opportunities in the IoT Wi-Fi chipset market. With almost four times higher throughput capacity than Wi-Fi 5, the upgrade to Wi-Fi 6 opens the door for IoT applications with higher bandwidth requirements, such as Augmented Reality headsets.
Bluetooth: The IoT Bluetooth chipset market is currently driven by audio & entertainment and smart home-based devices. The relatively new Bluetooth 5 chipset market focuses mainly on IoT applications. It enables emerging applications with beacons and location-based services (e.g., for asset tracking) and provides greater flexibility in targeting multiple applications and use cases.
3. IoT AI chipsets
Many applications look for more complex data analyses and for these data analyses to be performed in real-time. In recent years, this has created an increasing demand for embedded AI chips at the IoT edge. IoT Analytics expects the global IoT AI Chipset to grow at a CAGR of 22% between 2019-2025.
This growth is driven by parallel computing offered by three different types of chipsets: GPUs, ASICs & FPGAs. FPGA-based AI chipsets are of particular importance for the cloud as well as in the 5G era. The chips help reduce latency, improve memory access, and make communications between devices much more power-efficient. Traditionally, data centers have used FPGAs as sidecar accelerators to a CPU.
Recently, however, companies such as Xilinx or Microsoft have started using FPGAs in the data path where high-speed ethernet connects directly to the FPGA instead of the CPU.
4. IoT Security chipsets and modules
According to Nokia’s Threat Intelligence Report 2020, IoT devices now make up 32.7% of the infected devices observed. The share of IoT infections increased by 100% in 2020. The rise in threats for IoT devices requires constant adaptation of security solutions.
In many cases, traditional software security is seen as insufficient for the overall security architecture. Thus, there is a unique need to secure hardware alongside the data flow from edge devices to the cloud.
Although companies generally have various options where they implement embedded hardware security, implementing it at the MCU/SoC level is proving as most advisable as it allows the data to securely flow through the internal bus. This can be done by embedding Secure Elements (SE) and Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) to the system within the devices.
Another important security feature is “key injection” in the secure enclave/PUF and cryptographic key management to ensure the devices’ secure identity and the creation of a secure tunnel of data flowing within the device and from the device to the cloud.
This integration enables a “hardware root of trust” with asymmetric encryption. It also creates a secure tunnel for the safe flow of data from chip to cloud, ensuring data security at rest and in transit.
In the ever-expanding landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), Macro IoT Solution & Engineering Services stands as the silent yet indispensable backbone, fueling connectivity and intelligence in our devices. As the demand for interconnected smart devices burgeons, the significance of IoT semiconductors becomes increasingly pronounced. This article delves into the intricate web of IoT semiconductor technology, tracing its evolution, exploring its myriad applications, and envisioning its promising future.